== Arduino 電路板簡介 (Introduction to the Arduino Board) ==
下圖為由上而下觀察 Arduino 電路板的架構圖
從頂部中心順時針開始說明 (Starting clockwise from the top center):
-- 數位控制接地 [GND] (淺綠色) Digital Ground (light green)
-- 數位控制腳位 2-13 (綠色) Digital Pins 2-13 (green)
-- 數位控制腳位 0-1/串列數位傳送與數位接收 - TX/RX (暗綠色) Digital Pins 0-1/Serial In/Out - TX/RX (dark green) - 如果同時使用在串列通信上，這些控制腳位不能被使用為數位輸入與輸出(傳送與接收) These pins cannot be used for digital i/o (digitalRead and digitalWrite) if you are also using serial communication (e.g. Serial.begin).
-- 復歸按鈕 [S1] (暗藍色) Reset Button - S1 (dark blue)
-- 電路串列程式器 (藍綠色) In-circuit Serial Programmer (blue-green)
-- 類比輸入控制腳位 (淺藍色) Analog In Pins 0-5 (light blue)
-- 電源和接地腳位 (電源: 橘色， 接地: 淺橘色) Power and Ground Pins (power: orange, grounds: light orange)
-- 外接電源供應輸入 (直流 9-12 V) [X1] (粉紅色) External Power Supply In (9-12VDC) - X1 (pink)
-- 切換外接電源和 USB 電源（跳線位置在兩個引腳互相最接近所需的電源）[SV1]（紫色）Toggles External Power and USB Power (place jumper on two pins closest to desired supply) - SV1 (purple)
-- USB 輸入接口 (黃色) USB (used for uploading sketches to the board and for serial communication between the board and the computer; can be used to power the board) (yellow)
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微控制器 (Micro-controllers)
ATmega328 (used on most recent boards)
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ATmega168 (used on most Arduino Diecimila and early Duemilanove)
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ATmega8 (used on some older board)
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數位控制腳位 (Digital Pins)
In addition to the specific functions listed below, the digital pins on an Arduino board can be used for general purpose input and output via the pinMode(), digitalRead(), and digitalWrite() commands. Each pin has an internal pull-up resistor which can be turned on and off using digitalWrite() (w/ a value of HIGH or LOW, respectively) when the pin is configured as an input. The maximum current per pin is 40 mA.
- Serial: 0 (RX) and 1 (TX). Used to receive (RX) and transmit (TX) TTL serial data. On the Arduino Diecimila, these pins are connected to the corresponding pins of the FTDI USB-to-TTL Serial chip. On the Arduino BT, they are connected to the corresponding pins of theWT11 Bluetooth module. On the Arduino Mini and LilyPad Arduino, they are intended for use with an external TTL serial module (e.g. the Mini-USB Adapter).
- External Interrupts: 2 and 3. These pins can be configured to trigger an interrupt on a low value, a rising or falling edge, or a change in value. See the attachInterrupt() function for details.
- PWM: 3, 5, 6, 9, 10, and 11. Provide 8-bit PWM output with the analogWrite() function. On boards with an ATmega8, PWM output is available only on pins 9, 10, and 11.
- BT Reset: 7. (Arduino BT-only) Connected to the reset line of the bluetooth module.
- SPI: 10 (SS), 11 (MOSI), 12 (MISO), 13 (SCK). These pins support SPI communication, which, although provided by the underlying hardware, is not currently included in the Arduino language.
- LED: 13. On the Diecimila and LilyPad, there is a built-in LED connected to digital pin 13. When the pin is HIGH value, the LED is on, when the pin is LOW, it's off.
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類比控制腳位 (Analog Pins)
In addition to the specific functions listed below, the analog input pins support 10-bit analog-to-digital conversion (ADC) using the analogRead() function. Most of the analog inputs can also be used as digital pins: analog input 0 as digital pin 14 through analog input 5 as digital pin 19. Analog inputs 6 and 7 (present on the Mini and BT) cannot be used as digital pins.
- I2C: 4 (SDA) and 5 (SCL). Support I2C (TWI) communication using the Wire library (documentation on the Wiring website).
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電源控制腳位 (Power Pins)
- VIN (sometimes labelled "9V"). The input voltage to the Arduino board when it's using an external power source (as opposed to 5 volts from the USB connection or other regulated power source). You can supply voltage through this pin, or, if supplying voltage via the power jack, access it through this pin. Note that different boards accept different input voltages ranges, please see thedocumentation for your board. Also note that the LilyPad has no VIN pin and accepts only a regulated input.
- 5V. The regulated power supply used to power the microcontroller and other components on the board. This can come either from VIN via an on-board regulator, or be supplied by USB or another regulated 5V supply.
- 3V3. (Diecimila-only) A 3.3 volt supply generated by the on-board FTDI chip.
- GND. Ground pins.
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其他腳位 (Other Pins)
- AREF. Reference voltage for the analog inputs. Used with analogReference().
- Reset. (Diecimila-only) Bring this line LOW to reset the microcontroller. Typically used to add a reset button to shields which block the one on the board.
資料來源 (Reference):
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